How do you measure risk? Determining risk exposure in order to make the best investment recommendations goes beyond portfolio management benchmarks and statistics. You also have to take into account your clients’ psychological needs—which means understanding how clients actually perceive risk.

Commonwealth’s chief investment officer, Brad McMillan, CFA^®, CAIA, MAI, offers insight into both, breaking down the various elements to consider in assessing risk, including:

• Determining the range of possible outcomes
• Assessing individual asset and overall portfolio risk
• Evaluating loss and shortfall risks